Bookmark of 'The Five Orders of Ignorance | October 2000 | Communications of the ACM'

From 0th (known knowns) to 4th (meta ignorance) - a gem from 2000

The Five Orders of Ignorance | October 2000 | Communications of the ACM
  • 0th Order - Lack of Ignorance (a known known)
  • 1st Order - Lack of Knowledge (a known unknown)
  • 2nd Order - Lack of Awareness (unknown unknowns)
  • 3rd Order - Lack of Process (a lack of means of finding out that you don’t know that you don’t know)
  • 4th Order - Meta ignorance (when you don’t know about the 5 orders of ignorance)
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